Each hardwood tree species' leaves are distinctly unique. As many as 40 different bark patterns have been identified on red maples! These pictures show just two of its more common patterns. While such keys usually deal with leaf characteristics, they are also available for tree bark, buds, fruits and cones.ĭiverse bark patterns: Red maple is known for its many varied bark patterns at different ages and stages of growth. Keys provide a step-by-step method of looking at tree characteristics for identification. When learning tree identification, a "tree key" is often useful. The biggest drawback is that hardwood trees don't have leaves year-round! Some basic information about hardwood leaves can help you get started. However, looking at tree leaves is perhaps the easiest way to start learning identification. Botanical classification and grouping of trees use flowers. They examine leaves, flowers, bark, twigs, fruits, seeds, tree shape, wood characteristics, wood anatomy, chemicals, genetics, odors, and even flavors. People look at many different things to identify trees. The top 10 trees are red maple, black cherry, northern red oak, white oak, yellow poplar, sugar maple, chestnut oak, white ash, American beech, and hickory. Several other trees could also appear on this list however, the ones in this publication are also very abundant throughout the state. This publication features the state's 10 most commercially important hardwood trees, which means that these trees are valuable in terms of the money paid for their wood. The 10 most commonly known species would be different from a list of the 10 most common species. Not surprisingly, each approach generates a slightly different list. There are several ways to select the 10 most important Pennsylvania hardwood trees. We commonly refer to softwoods as "evergreens," "conifers," or even just "pine trees" (though they are not all pines!).Ībout 90 percent of all the trees in Pennsylvania's forests are hardwoods, like those seen here changing to autumn colors. About 90 percent of all the trees in Pennsylvania's forests are hardwoods. The wood of these trees is generally hard and dense, but there are exceptions. Hardwood trees lose their leaves each autumn. Pennsylvania's forests grow some of the most valuable hardwoods in the world.
This publication presents information about 10 important Pennsylvania hardwood tree species-their identification, characteristics, and wood. Pennsylvania has over 100 native tree species, but there are seldom more than 10 to 15 different species in any one location. There are many practical reasons for "knowing" trees, and mastering this skill builds appreciation for natural diversity.
#Sugar maple wood how to#
People often want to learn how to identify trees.
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